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RRR:
Correspondence/envoy
1239
year: 1187
initiator: Patriarch Eraclius of Jerusalem
recipient: All Christians
text: Sept. 4-17. Jerusalem. Patriarch Eraclius of Jerusalem addresses a general letter to all Christians. He reports the disaster [at Hattin] in which 25000 Christians were killed and the relic of the True Cross fell into the hands of the Sarraceni, togther with the king of Jerusalem and 3 bishops and their companions, who were all killed. The following cities have fallen to the enemy: Acre, Nazareth, Tiberias, Safra, Grangeli, Petit Geli, Sabast, Casal Sentgili, Nablus [Daplez], Betel, Mahumeria Gran, Rametez, Bethlehem, Hebron, Turco, Petita Mafumeria, Bertogo, Castel Arnal, Bel Veder, Sent George, Tyre, Ramla, Ascalon, Jaffa, Arsur, Jorgeria, Calcalia, Caesarea, Caco, Calanco, Merle, Haifa, Betinoble, Eibeli and also 30 castles [castra]. The infidels have lain with women on altars and stabled their horses in churches. The patriarch begs for help to save Jerusalem, which Saladin is approaching with an army. It is feared that he intends to besiege the city. The patriarch offers a plenary indulgence to all who come to its aid. Sept. 4-17. Jerusalem. Patriarch Eraclius of Jerusalem addresses a general letter to all Christians. He reports the disaster [at Hattin] in which 25000 Christians were killed and the relic of the True Cross fell into the hands of the Sarraceni, togther with the king of Jerusalem and 3 bishops and... more
sources: Jaspert, ‘Zwei unbekannte Hilfsersuchen’, pp. 511-16
comments:
cite:
RRR:
Correspondence/envoy
1240
year: 1187
initiator: Patriarch Eraclius of Jerusalem
recipient: Pope Urban III
text: Sept 5-20. Jerusalem. Patriarch Eraclius of Jerusalem sends Pope Urban III news [of the battle of Hattin]. The relic of the True Cross has been lost to the Traci. The bishops of Lydda and Acre, who were in charge of the Cross, have been killed. The king has been made captive and his army has been partly killed and partly imprisoned. The following cities and castles have been lost: Gybeletum, Beirut, Sydon, Acre, [Tiberias, Nazaret]h, Sebasten, [Nablus], Haifa, Caesarea, Assur, Jaffa, Ascalon, Lydda, lbelinen, Turon, Mirabel, Bethlehem and Hebron. Only Jerusalem, surrounded by the enemies of the cross and expecting to be besieged by Saladin, who has established himself nearby, and Tyre are still in Christian hands. All the provinces and dioceses of the patriarchate except those of Tyre and Petra are occupied by the pagani. An addendum lists the places occupied by the Thurci: Gybeletum, Beirut, Acre, Thuronum, Castellum Noveum,Tiberias with all its dependences, Haifa, Caesarea, Assur, Jaffa, Ascalon, Ybelinen, Ramatha, Lydda, Mirabel, Tharenta, Bethenopolis, Hebron, Fiyr, Bethlehem, Machumia, Castruim sancte Helie, Castrum Egidii, Nablus, Gerinen, Sebasten, Nazareth and Mons Thabor. Sept 5-20. Jerusalem. Patriarch Eraclius of Jerusalem sends Pope Urban III news [of the battle of Hattin]. The relic of the True Cross has been lost to the Traci. The bishops of Lydda and Acre, who were in charge of the Cross, have been killed. The king has been made captive and his army has been... more
sources: Hiestand, PK, pp. 324-7, no. 149; Kedar, ‘Ein Hilferuf’, pp. 120-2
comments:
cite:
RRR:
Correspondence/envoy
Request
1241
year: 1187
initiator: Consuls of Genoa
recipient: Pope Urban III
text: End of Sept. The consuls of Genoa write to Pope Urban III. They narrate how Saladin entered the kingdom of Jerusalem on 3 July with 70000 knights or more and laid siege to Tiberias. The lady of Tiberias appealed to the king. On the advice of the count of Tripoli, to whom he was reconciled, the king went to her assistance. In spite of the bravery of the Knights Templar, who were slaughtered, the Christian army was surrounded. Six of the king’s milites - Balduinus de Fotina, Radulfus Bructus and Laudoicus de Tabaria with three others, defected to Saladin and informed him of the state of the Christian army. Saladin’s nephew, Tochedinus, captured the king and seized the relic of the True Cross. Saladin had his Templar and Hospitaller captives beheaded and himself killed princeps Rainaldus de Castellione. After the battle Saladin took Acre and neighbouring places. The Sirii in Jerusalem offered to surrender the city. Many Christians from Acre and other places fled to Tyre. Ascalon is well provided with victuals and troops, as are Antioch, Margatus, and nearly all the principality. The county of Tripoli is safe. The consuls beg the pope to arouse the faithful to recover the Holy Land. End of Sept. The consuls of Genoa write to Pope Urban III. They narrate how Saladin entered the kingdom of Jerusalem on 3 July with 70000 knights or more and laid siege to Tiberias. The lady of Tiberias appealed to the king. On the advice of the count of Tripoli, to whom he was reconciled, the king... more
sources: Hampe, ‘Reise’, pp. 278-80 (RRH no. 664a)
comments:
cite:
RRR:
Correspondence/envoy
1242
year: 1187
initiator: Patriarch Aimery of Antioch
recipient: King Henry II of England
text: End of Sept. Patriarch Aimery of Antioch writes to King Henry II of England. He reports Saladin’s invasion of the kingdom of Jerusalem, the disaster [at Hattin], the capture of the king, his brother the constable and the master of the Knights Templar, the murder of princeps Raimundus [Rainald] by Saladin himself, the deaths of bishops, Templars and Hospitallers, 1200 milites and 30000 foot soldiers, the fall of Tiberias, which Saladin has fortified, Acre, Haifa, Caesarea, Jaffa, Nazareth, Sebastea, Nablus, Lydda, Ramatha, Arsur, Hebron and Bethlehem. Jerusalem is now under siege and the Christians have suffered huge losses in residents, provisions and horses. He begs for help. Otherwise, the Holy Sepulchre and then Antioch itself will be lost. He is sending the episcopus Gabilonensis and the episcopus Valeniensis to Henry. End of Sept. Patriarch Aimery of Antioch writes to King Henry II of England. He reports Saladin’s invasion of the kingdom of Jerusalem, the disaster [at Hattin], the capture of the king, his brother the constable and the master of the Knights Templar, the murder of princeps Raimundus [Rainald] by... more
sources: Gesta regis Henrici secundi 2:36-8 (RRH no. 664)
comments:
cite:
RRR:
Inscription
1243
year: 1187
text: 1104 - Oct. 2 1187. Jerusalem. Gethsemane. Epitaph of Lambertus coriparius de Acon. 1104 - Oct. 2 1187. Jerusalem. Gethsemane. Epitaph of Lambertus coriparius de Acon.
sources: Sandoli, Corpus, p. 169, no. 226
comments:
cite:
RRR:
Inscription
1244
year: 1187
institution: Holy Sepulchre
text: *Jul 15 1149 - Oct. 2 1187. Jerusalem. Church of the Holy Sepulchre. An inscription over a doorway records the taking of the city of the Jerusalem by the Franci on July 15 1099. *Jul 15 1149 - Oct. 2 1187. Jerusalem. Church of the Holy Sepulchre. An inscription over a doorway records the taking of the city of the Jerusalem by the Franci on July 15 1099.
sources: Sandoli, Corpus, pp. 63-4, no. 73
comments:
cite:
RRR:
Inscription
1245
year: 1187
institution: Templum Domini
text: c.1180 - Oct. 2 1187. Jerusalem. Templum Domini. Epitaph of Drogo de Bus[siaco]. c.1180 - Oct. 2 1187. Jerusalem. Templum Domini. Epitaph of Drogo de Bus[siaco].
sources: Claverie, ‘Les difficultés’, pp. 68-9
comments:
cite:
RRR:
Correspondence/envoy
Request
1246
year: 1187
initiator: Patriarch Aimery of Antioch
recipient: All Christians
text: Oct. 1-12. Patriarch Aimery of Antioch addresses an appeal to all Christians. He describes the victory of Saladin and the Turci [at the battle of Hattin], the capture of the king, his brother the constabularius and the master of the Knights Templar, the deaths of Rainaldus princeps, killed by Saladin himself, the bishops of Lydda and Acre, Templars, Hospitallers, 1200 milites and 30000 pedites, and the seizure of the relic of the True Cross. Tiberias has been taken, together with Acre, Haifa, Caesarea, Jaffa, Nazareth, Sebasten, Nablus, Lydda, Ramata, Arsur, Bethlehem, Hebron, Sidon, Beirut, Biblis and Ascalon. Their inhabitants have been captured and now Jerusalem is besieged. He begs for help. Otherwise, the Holy Sepulchre and then Antioch itself will be lost. He reminds Christians of the achievement of their ancestors when they conquered the Holy Land. He is sending the Valeniensis episcopus and the Gabulensis episcopus to the West for aid. Oct. 1-12. Patriarch Aimery of Antioch addresses an appeal to all Christians. He describes the victory of Saladin and the Turci [at the battle of Hattin], the capture of the king, his brother the constabularius and the master of the Knights Templar, the deaths of Rainaldus princeps, killed by... more
sources: Mayer, ‘Zwei unedierte Texte’, pp. 100-3, no. 2
comments:
cite:
RRR:
Correspondence/envoy
Request
1247
year: 1187
initiator: Bohemond III, prince of Antioch
recipient: All Christian prelates, clergy and people
text: Mid Oct. [220] Bohemond III princeps Antiocenus sends a general letter to all Christian prelates, clergy and people. Saladin has killed Templars and Hospitallers and imprisoned the king [of Jerusalem]. He has seized the relic of the True Cross and is besieging Jerusalem. Ascalon has fallen and is without Christian inhabitants. Nazareth has been occupied by the Turci. Acre, and the territory as far as Tyre, Ascalon and Jerusalem is lost and the Christian religion in that region is no more. Only the principality of Antioch survives. Bohemond is sending the Tharsensis archiepiscopus, Antioceni principatus cancellarius, to the West to plead for assistance. Mid Oct. [220] Bohemond III princeps Antiocenus sends a general letter to all Christian prelates, clergy and people. Saladin has killed Templars and Hospitallers and imprisoned the king [of Jerusalem]. He has seized the relic of the True Cross and is besieging Jerusalem. Ascalon has fallen and is... more
sources: Chroust, Tageno, pp. 202-3 (RRH no. 663)
comments: [220] The reference to the loss of Jerusalem must date this letter to a period when the news of the loss of Jerusalem on 2 October had reached Antioch. So it must be later than the letter from the patriarch of Antioch, who had not yet heard the the city’s fall.
cite:
RRR:
Confirmation/renewal of grants
1248
year: 1187
initiator: Pope Urban III
recipient: Hospital of Saint Stephen [the Cruciferi] in Esztergom [Gran]
institution: Hospital of Saint Stephen in Jerusalem
text: *Before Oct 20. Pope Urban III confirms the possessions of the Hospital of St Stephen [the Cruciferi] in Esztergom [Gran] and its master Nicholas, including a convent in Acre and a convent, church and hospital [hospitale] in Jerusalem, the last founded by Bela II. *Before Oct 20. Pope Urban III confirms the possessions of the Hospital of St Stephen [the Cruciferi] in Esztergom [Gran] and its master Nicholas, including a convent in Acre and a convent, church and hospital [hospitale] in Jerusalem, the last founded by Bela II.
sources: Hiestand, PK, pp. 327-8, no. 150
cite:

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