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Institution

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RRR:

Inscription

2466

year: 1244

institution: Saint Anne

text: Feb. 18 1229 - Aug. 23 1244. Jerusalem. St Anne. Epitaph of Iohannes de Valencinis. Feb. 18 1229 - Aug. 23 1244. Jerusalem. St Anne. Epitaph of Iohannes de Valencinis.

sources: Claverie, ‘Les difficultés’, pp. 72-4

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Correspondence/envoy

Chronicle entry/narrative sources

2467

year: 1244

initiator: Patriarch Robert of Jerusalem, the papal legate, the queen of Cyprus, who is Bauilla regni Ierosolimitani, Tirenensis archiepiscopus, R. Acconensis episcopus, G. Sidonensis episcopus, R. Lidenensis episcopus, frater Hermannus Petragoricensis magister milicie Templi, frater Willelmus magister domus Hospi-talis sancti Johannis, praeceptor domus sancte Marie Teutonicorum, Odo de Monte Beligardo dominus Tyberiadensis et constabularius regni Ierosolimitani and Philippus de Monte forti dominus Turonensis

recipient: Pope Innocent IV

text: Sept. 11. Acre. Patriarch Robert of Jerusalem, the papal legate, the queen of Cyprus, who is Bauilla regni Ierosolimitani, Tirenensis archiepiscopus, R. Acconensis episcopus, G. Sidonensis episcopus, R. Lidenensis episcopus, frater Hermannus Petragoricensis magister milicie Templi, frater Willelmus magister domus Hospitalis sancti Johannis, praeceptor domus sancte Marie Teutonicorum, Odo de Monte Beligardo dominus Tyberiadensis et constabularius regni Ierosolimitani and Philippus de Monte forti dominus Turonensis inform Pope Innocent IV of the arrival of the Khorezmians, to whom the patriarch had already referred in a letter to the pope. They had been driven from their lands by the Mongols and were accompanied by their families and have occupied a large part of the province of Jerusalem, from Niro militum, 8 miliari from Jerusalem, to Ascalon and Gaza. They are allied to the sultan of Egypt, who believes that they will subjugate Damascus and the Christians for him. They had first arrived from the north, by way of the pons ferreus near Antioch and had been bought off by the rulers of Damascus, Aleppo and Homs [Camella]. The Christians in the Holy Land, who are short of soldiers, had called for assistance from the king of Cyprus, the prince of Antioch and the sultans of Damascus and Homs [Camella]. The Khorezmians then assaulted the city of Jerusalem, which they entered on 11 July, killing many inhabitants, including Armenians who had sought refuge in the church of sanctus Iacobus Armenorum, and decapitating the imperial castellan [castellanus imperialis] and the praeceptor of the Hospital of St John of Jerusalem before withdrawing. The leaders in the Holy Land sent messages to the sultan of Damascus, begging for assistance, and sent the Dominican frater Simon to Jerusalem. He comforted and encouraged the people to defend the city, but a great part of the armed men in Jerusalem withdrew to Jaffa. They were followed on 23 August by 6000 of the inhabitants, but 2000 were killed on their journey to the plain of Ramla. The Khorezmians then returned and reentered Jerusalem. Among the martyrs killed while celebrating at the altars was magister Petrus de Montranda Remensis et Sconensis canonicus. The leaders describe the sacrileges and looting in the church of the Holy Sepulchre, the church of the Nativity at Bethlehem, and the churches of Mt Sion and the Templum Domini. They describe the devastation elsewhere around Tiberias and near Acre. They appeal for assistance. Sept. 11. Acre. Patriarch Robert of Jerusalem, the papal legate, the queen of Cyprus, who is Bauilla regni Ierosolimitani, Tirenensis archiepiscopus, R. Acconensis episcopus, G. Sidonensis episcopus, R. Lidenensis episcopus, frater Hermannus Petragoricensis magister milicie Templi, frater Willelmus... more

sources: Chronica de Mailros, pp. 156-62 (RRH no. 1123)

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Confirmation/renewal of grants

2468

year: 1244

initiator: Comes Thomas de Aquino, legatus in Syria/vicaire du Saint-Empire Romain en Syrie et bailly du royaume de Hierusalem

recipient: Iohannes de Rocarubea/Rocherouge

institution: Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem

text: *Sept. 1-30. In the name of the emperor Frederick and King Conrad, Comes Thomas de Aquino, legatus in Syria/vicaire du Saint-Empire Romain en Syrie et bailly du royaume de Hierusalem, confirms the gift by Iohannes de Rocarubea/Rocherouge to Guillaume de Chateauneuf maitre and the Hospital of St John of Jerusalem of the casale of Escar/Efkal/Eskal. *Sept. 1-30. In the name of the emperor Frederick and King Conrad, Comes Thomas de Aquino, legatus in Syria/vicaire du Saint-Empire Romain en Syrie et bailly du royaume de Hierusalem, confirms the gift by Iohannes de Rocarubea/Rocherouge to Guillaume de Chateauneuf maitre and the Hospital of St... more

sources: Mayer, UKJ 3:1383-4, no. 795 (RRH no. 1123a)

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Correspondence/envoy

2469

year: 1244

initiator: Guillaume de Chastel Nuef, master of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem

recipient: T. rex Navarre et comes Campanie et Brie palatinus

text: Late Sept. 1242 - Oct. 17 1244. [375] Frater Guillelmus de Castro novo domus Hospitalis Jerusalem magister et pauperum Christi custos commends the prior of France frater Andreas Poliner to T. rex Navarre et comes Campanie et Brie palatinus. Andreas will provide information on events in the Holy Land. Late Sept. 1242 - Oct. 17 1244. [375] Frater Guillelmus de Castro novo domus Hospitalis Jerusalem magister et pauperum Christi custos commends the prior of France frater Andreas Poliner to T. rex Navarre et comes Campanie et Brie palatinus. Andreas will provide information on events in the Holy... more

sources: García Larragueta, El Gran Priorado 2.297-8, no. 304 (RRH no. 1140)

comments: [375] Andrew Polin was prior of France 1239-48 (Delaville Le Roulx, Les Hospitaliers, p. 417). William of Châteauneuf became master of the Hospital of St John of Jerusalem after Sept. 1242, but was captured by the Egyptians on 17 Oct. 1244 and was not released until 1250.

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Correspondence/envoy

2470

year: 1244

initiator: Prior Hospitalis sancti Johannis

recipient: King of France

institution: Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem

2nd institution: Templars

text: Oct. - Nov. The prior Hospitalis sancti Johannis is sent with letters to the king of France, reporting that in battle on 17 October the magister and all the convent of the Hospital of St John of Jerusalem except for 15 men, all the convent of the Knights Templar, all the convent of the Hospital of St Mary of the Germans and all the knighthood in the Holy land, together with many armed Christians, Nassarus soldanus Turci and other sultans, were killed or captured by the Khorezmians and the army of the sultan of Egypt. Comes Willelmus and dompnus Philippus were captured.The patriarch and the constabularius escaped. Oct. - Nov. The prior Hospitalis sancti Johannis is sent with letters to the king of France, reporting that in battle on 17 October the magister and all the convent of the Hospital of St John of Jerusalem except for 15 men, all the convent of the Knights Templar, all the convent of the Hospital of... more

sources: Chronica de Mailros, p. 163

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Correspondence/envoy

2471

year: 1244

initiator: Patriarch Robert of Jerusalem

text: Beginning of Nov. Patriarch Robert of Jerusalem despatches a general letter describing the disasters that have befallen the Holy Land. He refers to the loss of Jerusalem and the catastrophe on the plain de Gadár [La Forbie], where the deaths include 312 fratres milites and 324 turropli of the Knights Templar, 325 fratres milites and 200 turropli of the Hospital of St John of Jerusalem, 400 brothers of the Hospital of St Mary of the Germans - only 3 survived - all the milites leprosi of the leprosary of St Lazarus, the domnus Cayphas and all his people. Comes Gualterius de Zaphes was captured and all his men killed, as were 300 milites of the prince of Antioch and 300 milites of the king of Cyprus. Also slain were the archbishop of Tyre and all his men and the bishop of Ramla. 16000 Franks and as many others were lost. The [allied] Muslim army, numbering more than 25000 Saraceni, led by the sultans of Damascus and Homs [Camele], a great Saracenus called Nas, and the forces of Aleppo, betrayed the Christians. Beginning of Nov. Patriarch Robert of Jerusalem despatches a general letter describing the disasters that have befallen the Holy Land. He refers to the loss of Jerusalem and the catastrophe on the plain de Gadár [La Forbie], where the deaths include 312 fratres milites and 324 turropli of the... more

sources: Salimbene de Adam, p. 177 (RRH no. 1124)

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Correspondence/envoy

Chronicle entry/narrative sources

2472

year: 1244

initiator: Guillelmus de Castro novo, master of the Hospital

recipient: Dominus M. de Merlai

text: Beginning of Nov. Frater G. de Novo Castro sanctae domus Jerusalem magister humilis et pauperum Christi custos informs dominus M. de Merlai of events in the Holy Land. He has already written to him about his dismay at the truce with the sultan of Damascus and Seisser sultan of Kerak, involving the return of most of the land west of the Jordan in return for an armed alliance against the sultan of Egypt. The allied forces mustered at Gaza. Meanwhile the patriarch of Jerusalem, who had just returned from the West, wished to visit Jerusalem and G. was to go with him. They were in Jerusalem when the land was invaded by the Khorezmians, who had been called in by the sultan of Egypt. They agreed to evacuate the city and lead the inhabitants to Jaffa. Misled into thinking that the city was secured, the people returned there, only to be besieged by the Khorezmians. 7000 men, women and young persons, who tried to flee, were massacred or enslaved. The Khorezmians killed those left in the city, including the monks, the old, and the debilitated, who had sought refuge on the church of the Holy Sepulchre. Referring to the bravery of the Christians, G. goes on to describe briefly the battle on 17 October [La Forbie], during which the Knights Templar and the Hospitallers of St John, summoned with others by the patriarch, fought the Khorezmians and Egyptians. Killed were the magister militiae Templi, the magister Hospitalis, the magistri of other Orders, together with their convents. Dominus Walterus comes de Bresna was captured and dominus Philippus de Muntforti was slain. Only 18 Knights Templar and 16 Hospitallers of St John escaped. Beginning of Nov. Frater G. de Novo Castro sanctae domus Jerusalem magister humilis et pauperum Christi custos informs dominus M. de Merlai of events in the Holy Land. He has already written to him about his dismay at the truce with the sultan of Damascus and Seisser sultan of Kerak, involving the... more

sources: Matthew Paris, Chronica maiora 4:307-11 (RRH no. 1125)

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Correspondence/envoy

Chronicle entry/narrative sources

2473

year: 1244

initiator: Patriarch Robert of Jerusalem, the papal legate, Henricus archiepiscopus Nazarenus, J. Cesariensis electus, R. episcopus Acconensis, Sydonensis episcopus, frater Guillermus de Rokaforti vicemagister domus militiae Templi and his order’s convent, H. prior Dominici Sepulchri, abbas Sancti Samuelis Praemonstratensis ordinis, B. abbas Montis Oliveti, J. abbas Templi Domini, P., abbas Montis Thabor and R. abbas Montis Syon

text: Nov. 25. Acre. In a general letter addressed under seal to the prelates and clergy in the kingdoms of France and England, Patriarch Robert of Jerusalem, the papal legate, Henricus archiepiscopus Nazarenus, J. Cesariensis electus, R. episcopus Acconensis, Sydonensis episcopus, frater Guillermus de Rokaforti vicemagister domus militiae Templi and his order’s convent, H. prior Dominici Sepulchri, abbas Sancti Samuelis Praemonstratensis ordinis, B. abbas Montis Oliveti, J. abbas Templi Domini, P., abbas Montis Thabor and R. abbas Montis Syon describe the disasters they have faced in the Holy Land: the invasion by way of Saphet and Tiberias of the nomadic Khorezmians, who had been expelled from their lands by the Mongols; their alliance with the sultan of Egypt; their occupation of the land from Turon Militum, near Jerusalem, to Gaza; the defensive alliance of the Christians, led by the magistri of the Knights Templar and the Hospital of St John of Jerusalem, the praeceptor of the Hospital of St Mary of the Germans and the nobles with the sultans of Damascus and Homs [Chamela]; the evacuation of the Christians from the city of Jerusalem, trusting in a truce with the sultan of Kerak and the rustici Sarraceni in the mountains, and their losses on the way to Ramla; the Khorezmian occupation of Jerusalem and massacre of those seeking refuge in the church of the Holy Sepulchre, which was vandalized, together with the tombs of the kings, the profanities at Mt Sion, the Templum Domini, St Mary of the Valley of Jehoshaphat and the church of the Nativity at Bethlehem. The patriarch and others describe the advance of the Christian army from Acre along the coast by way of Caesarea, the granting of an indulgence to the soldiers, and the battle before Gaza [La Forbie] on 17 October. Of the convents of the military orders, only 33 Knights Templar, 26 Hospitallers of St John and 3 Hospitallers of St Mary of the Germans escaped, as did the patriarch of Jerusalem, the constabularius Acconensis, Philippus de Monteforti and others who fled to Ascalon. Most nobles and knights were taken or killed. It is not known whether the archbishop of Tyre, the bishop of Ramla [episcopus Sancti Georgii], the abbas of St Mary of the Valley of Jehoshaphat, the magister of the Knights Templar, the praeceptor of the Hospital of St Mary of the Germans and many other churchmen have been killed or captured. The magister of the Hospital of St John of Jerusalem and comes Galterus de Brena have been taken as prisoners to Cairo. The patriarch and others have sent letters to the king of Cyprus and the prince of Antioch, but do not know what response there has been. They are now in Acre, while the Khorezmians roam through the land as far as Nazareth and Saphet, dividing up the properties amongst themselves and exacting the rents. They have received letters from Ascalon, where the castellan and brothers of the Hospital of St John of Jerusalem are being besieged by the Egyptians, appealing for assistance. Fearful that unless aid from Europe arrives on the next passage in March the land will be lost, the patriarch and others beseech for help. They are sending the bishop of Beirut and Arnulphus ordinis Praedicatorum, risking the dangers of a winter sailing, to explain the situation further. Nov. 25. Acre. In a general letter addressed under seal to the prelates and clergy in the kingdoms of France and England, Patriarch Robert of Jerusalem, the papal legate, Henricus archiepiscopus Nazarenus, J. Cesariensis electus, R. episcopus Acconensis, Sydonensis episcopus, frater Guillermus de... more

sources: Matthew Paris, Chronica maiora 4:337-344; see also ‘Annales monasterii. Burtonensis’, pp. 257-63 (RRH no. 1127)

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Correspondence/envoy

2474

year: 1244

initiator: Emperor Frederick II

text: Nov. 1-30? In a general letter addressed to all princes, the emperor Frederick II reports that he has received letters brought by frater S., an emissary of Patriarch Albert of Antioch, describing the switching of alliances from Egypt to the sultans of Damascus and Kerak, the invasion of the Khorezmians, the mustering of the Christian army on the borders of Egypt at Gaza, the arrival of the patriarch of Jerusalem, the evacuation of the inhabitants of the city of Jerusalem under the magistri of the Hospital of St Mary of the Germans, the Hospital of St John of Jerusalem and the Knights Templar, their return, the Khorezmian assault on the city and the massacre of the inhabitants, including those who had sought refuge in the church of the Holy Sepulchre. He blames this turn of events on the abandonment of the policy of R. comes Cornubie who, together with the magistri of the Hospital of St John of Jerusalem and St Mary of the Germans, was acting on behalf of King Conrad. Nov. 1-30? In a general letter addressed to all princes, the emperor Frederick II reports that he has received letters brought by frater S., an emissary of Patriarch Albert of Antioch, describing the switching of alliances from Egypt to the sultans of Damascus and Kerak, the invasion of the... more

sources: Huillard-Bréholles 6/1:236-40 (RRH no. 1126)

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Council/ruling decisions/legislation

2475

year: 1244

initiator: Pope Innocent IV

recipient: Magister and brothers of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem

institution: Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem

text: [Dec. 23. Lyon. Writing to the magister and brothers, Pope Innocent IV protects the role of alms-collectors for the Hospital of St John of Jerusalem. [Dec. 23. Lyon. Writing to the magister and brothers, Pope Innocent IV protects the role of alms-collectors for the Hospital of St John of Jerusalem.

sources: Innocent IV, Les Registres 1:141-2, no. 844. Calendar entry].

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